Fluid mechanics, 8th Edition in SI Units/ Механика жидкостей в единицах СИ (8 издание)
Год издания: 2016
Автор: Frank M. White / Фрэнк Уайт
Издательство:
McGraw-Hill Education
ISBN: 978-9-38-596549-4
Язык: Английский
Формат: PDF
Качество: Издательский макет или текст (eBook)
Интерактивное оглавление: Да
Количество страниц: 864
Описание:
General Approach
The eighth edition of Fluid Mechanics sees some additions and deletions but no philosophical change. The basic outline of eleven chapters, plus appendices, remains the same. The triad of integral, differential, and experimental approaches is retained. Many problem exercises, and some fully worked examples, have been changed. The informal, student-oriented style is retained. A number of new photographs and figures have been added. Many new references have been added, for a total of 445. The writer is a firm believer in “further reading,” especially in the postgraduate years.
Learning Tools
The total number of problem exercises continues to increase, from 1089 in the first edition, to 1683 in this eighth edition. There are approximately 20 new problems in each chapter. Most of these are basic end-of-chapter problems, classified according to topic. There are also Word Problems, multiple-choice Fundamentals of Engineering Problems, Comprehensive Problems, and Design Projects. The appendix lists approximately 700 Answers to Selected Problems. The example problems are structured in the text to follow the sequence of recommended steps outlined in Section 1.7.
Most of the problems in this text can be solved with a hand calculator. Some can even be simply explained in words. A few problems, especially in Chapters 6, 9, and 10, involve solving complicated algebraic expressions, laborious for a hand calculator. Check to see if your institution has a license for equation-solving software. Here the writer solves complicated example problems by using the iterative power of Microsoft Office Excel, as illustrated, for example, in Example 6.5.
Оглавление
Contents
Preface xi
Chapter 1
Introduction 3
1.1 Preliminary Remarks 3
1.2 The Concept of a Fluid 4
1.3 The Fluid as a Continuum 6
1.4 Dimensions and Units 7
1.5 Properties of the Velocity Field 15
1.6 Thermodynamic Properties of a Fluid 15
1.7 Viscosity and Other Secondary Properties 23
1.8 Basic Flow Analysis Techniques 39
1.9 Flow Patterns: Streamlines, Streaklines, and Pathlines 39
1.10 The Fundamentals of Engineering (FE) Examination 43
1.11 The History of Fluid Mechanics 43
Summary 44
Problems 45
Fundamentals of Engineering Exam Problems 52
Comprehensive Problems 53
References 56
Chapter 2
Pressure Distribution in a Fluid 59
2.1 Pressure and Pressure Gradient 59
2.2 Equilibrium of a Fluid Element 61
2.3 Hydrostatic Pressure Distributions 62
2.4 Application to Manometry 69
2.5 Hydrostatic Forces on Plane Surfaces 72
2.6 Hydrostatic Forces on Curved Surfaces 80
2.7 Hydrostatic Forces in Layered Fluids 83
2.8 Buoyancy and Stability 85
2.9 Pressure Distribution in Rigid-Body Motion 91
2.10 Pressure Measurement 99
Summary 103
Problems 103
Word Problems 126
Fundamentals of Engineering Exam Problems 126
Comprehensive Problems 127
Design Projects 129
References 130
Chapter 3
Integral Relations for a Control Volume 133
3.1 Basic Physical Laws of Fluid Mechanics 133
3.2 The Reynolds Transport Theorem 137
3.3 Conservation of Mass 144
3.4 The Linear Momentum Equation 149
3.5 Frictionless Flow: The Bernoulli Equation 163
3.6 The Angular Momentum Theorem 172
3.7 The Energy Equation 178
Summary 189
Problems 189
Word Problems 216
Fundamentals of Engineering Exam Problems 217
Comprehensive Problems 218
Design Project 219
References 219
Chapter 4
Differential Relations for Fluid Flow 221
4.1 The Acceleration Field of a Fluid 222
4.2 The Differential Equation of Mass Conservation 224
viii Contents
4.3 The Differential Equation of Linear Momentum 230
4.4 The Differential Equation of Angular Momentum 237
4.5 The Differential Equation of Energy 238
4.6 Boundary Conditions for the Basic Equations 241
4.7 The Stream Function 246
4.8 Vorticity and Irrotationality 253
4.9 Frictionless Irrotational Flows 255
4.10 Some Illustrative Incompressible Viscous Flows 261
Summary 269
Problems 269
Word Problems 280
Fundamentals of Engineering Exam Problems 281
Comprehensive Problems 281
References 282
Chapter 5
Dimensional Analysis and Similarity 285
5.1 Introduction 285
5.2 The Principle of Dimensional Homogeneity 288
5.3 The Pi Theorem 294
5.4 Nondimensionalization of the Basic Equations 304
5.5 Modeling and Similarity 313
Summary 325
Problems 325
Word Problems 333
Fundamentals of Engineering Exam Problems 334
Comprehensive Problems 334
Design Projects 335
References 336
Chapter 6
Viscous Flow in Ducts 339
6.1 Reynolds Number Regimes 339
6.2 Internal versus External Viscous Flows 344
6.3 Head Loss—The Friction Factor 347
6.4 Laminar Fully Developed Pipe Flow 349
6.5 Turbulence Modeling 351
6.6 Turbulent Pipe Flow 358
6.7 Four Types of Pipe Flow Problems 366
6.8 Flow in Noncircular Ducts 371
6.9 Minor or Local Losses in Pipe Systems 380
6.10 Multiple-Pipe Systems 389
6.11 Experimental Duct Flows: Diffuser Performance 395
6.12 Fluid Meters 400
Summary 421
Problems 422
Word Problems 440
Fundamentals of Engineering Exam Problems 441
Comprehensive Problems 442
Design Projects 444
References 444
Chapter 7
Flow Past Immersed Bodies 449
7.1 Reynolds Number and Geometry Effects 449
7.2 Momentum Integral Estimates 453
7.3 The Boundary Layer Equations 456
7.4 The Flat-Plate Boundary Layer 459
7.5 Boundary Layers with Pressure Gradient 468
7.6 Experimental External Flows 474
Summary 501
Problems 502
Word Problems 515
Fundamentals of Engineering Exam Problems 515
Comprehensive Problems 516
Design Project 517
References 517
Chapter 8
Potential Flow and Computational Fluid Dynamics 521
8.1 Introduction and Review 521
8.2 Elementary Plane Flow Solutions 524
8.3 Superposition of Plane Flow Solutions 531
8.4 Plane Flow Past Closed-Body Shapes 537
8.5 Other Plane Potential Flows 547
8.6 Images 551
8.7 Airfoil Theory 554
8.8 Axisymmetric Potential Flow 562
8.9 Numerical Analysis 568
Summary 577
Problems 577
Word Problems 588
Contents ix
Comprehensive Problems 588
Design Projects 589
References 590
Chapter 9
Compressible Flow 593
9.1 Introduction: Review of Thermodynamics 593
9.2 The Speed of Sound 598
9.3 Adiabatic and Isentropic Steady Flow 600
9.4 Isentropic Flow with Area Changes 606
9.5 The Normal Shock Wave 613
9.6 Operation of Converging and Diverging Nozzles 621
9.7 Compressible Duct Flow with Friction 626
9.8 Frictionless Duct Flow with Heat Transfer 637
9.9 Mach Waves and Oblique Shock Waves 642
9.10 Prandtl-Meyer Expansion Waves 652
Summary 664
Problems 665
Word Problems 678
Fundamentals of Engineering Exam Problems 678
Comprehensive Problems 679
Design Projects 680
References 681
Chapter 10
Open-Channel Flow 683
10.1 Introduction 683
10.2 Uniform Flow; The Chézy Formula 689
10.3 Effi cient Uniform-Flow Channels 695
10.4 Specifi c Energy; Critical Depth 697
10.5 The Hydraulic Jump 704
10.6 Gradually Varied Flow 708
10.7 Flow Measurement and Control by Weirs 716
Summary 723
Problems 724
Word Problems 736
Fundamentals of Engineering Exam Problems 736
Comprehensive Problems 736
Design Projects 738
References 738
Chapter 11
Turbomachinery 741
11.1 Introduction and Classifi cation 741
11.2 The Centrifugal Pump 744
11.3 Pump Performance Curves and Similarity Rules 750
11.4 Mixed- and Axial-Flow Pumps: The Specifi c Speed 760
11.5 Matching Pumps to System Characteristics 767
11.6 Turbines 775
Summary 789
Problems 791
Word Problems 804
Comprehensive Problems 804
Design Project 806
References 806
Appendix A Physical Properties of Fluids 808
Appendix B Compressible Flow Tables 813
Appendix C Conversion Factors 820
Appendix D Equations of Motion in Cylindrical Coordinates 822
Appendix E Estimating Uncertainty in Experimental Data 824
Answers to Selected Problems 826
Index 833
Ещё Механика Жидкостей от Уайта
Описание на русском
Общий Подход
Восьмое издание "Механики жидкости" содержит некоторые дополнения и исключения, но никаких философских изменений. Основной план одиннадцати глав, плюс приложения, остается прежним. Сохраняется триада интегрального, дифференциального и экспериментального подходов. Многие проблемные упражнения и некоторые полностью отработанные примеры были изменены. Сохраняется неформальный, ориентированный на студентов стиль. Был добавлен ряд новых фотографий и рисунков. Было добавлено много новых ссылок, в общей сложности 445. Писатель твердо верит в “дальнейшее чтение”, особенно в аспирантуру.
Средства Обучения
Общее число задач продолжает увеличиваться с 1089 в первом издании до 1683 в восьмом. В каждой главе содержится около 20 новых упражнений. Большинство из них являются основными проблемами конца главы, классифицированными в соответствии с темой. Существуют также Проблемы со словом, основы множественного выбора инженерных задач, Комплексные задачи и Дизайн-проекты. В приложении содержится около 700 Ответов на Отдельные задачи. Примеры задач структурированы в тексте в соответствии с последовательностью рекомендуемых шагов, описанных в разделе 1.7.
Большинство проблем в этом тексте можно решить с помощью ручного калькулятора. Некоторые из них можно даже просто объяснить словами. Некоторые задачи, особенно в главах 6, 9 и 10, связаны с решением сложных алгебраических выражений, трудоемких для ручного калькулятора.
