Noviello Carmine - Mastering STM32, Second Edition [2022, PDF/EPUB/MOBI, ENG]

Contents
Preface
Who Is This Book For?
How to Integrate This Book?
How Is the Book Organized?
Differences With the First Edition
About the Author
Errata and Suggestions
Book Support
How to Help the Author
Copyright Disclaimer
Credits
Acknowledgments to the First Edition
I Introduction
1. Introduction to STM32 MCU Portfolio
1.1 Introduction to ARM Based Processors
1.1.1 Cortex and Cortex-M Based Processors
1.1.1.1 Core Registers
1.1.1.2 Memory Map
1.1.1.3 Bit-Banding
1.1.1.4 Thumb-2 and Memory Alignment
1.1.1.5 Pipeline
1.1.1.6 Interrupts and Exceptions Handling
1.1.1.7 SysTimer
1.1.1.8 Power Modes
1.1.1.9 TrustZone TM
1.1.1.10 CMSIS
1.1.1.11 Effective Implementation of Cortex-M Features in the STM32 Portfolio
1.2 Introduction to STM32 Microcontrollers
1.2.1 Advantages of the STM32 Portfolio
1.2.2 ....And Its Drawbacks
1.3 A Quick Look at the STM32 Subfamilies
1.3.1 F0
1.3.2 F1
1.3.3 F2
1.3.4 F3
1.3.5 F4
1.3.6 F7
1.3.7 H7
1.3.8 L0
1.3.9 L1
1.3.10 L4
1.3.11 L4+
1.3.12 L5
1.3.13 U5
1.3.14 G0
1.3.15 G4
1.3.16 STM32WB
1.3.17 STM32WL
1.3.18 How to Select the Right MCU for You?
1.4 The Nucleo Development Board
2. Get In Touch With SM32CubeIDE
2.1 Why Choose STM32CubeIDE as Tool-Chain for STM32
2.1.1 Two Words About Eclipse...
2.1.2 ... and GCC
2.2 Downloading and Installing the STM32CubeIDE
2.2.1 Windows - Installing the Tool-Chain
2.2.2 Linux - Installing the Tool-Chain
2.2.3 Mac - Installing the Tool-Chain
2.3 STM32CubeIDE overview
3. Hello, Nucleo!
3.1 Create a Project
3.2 Adding Something Useful to the Generated Code
3.3 Connecting the Nucleo to the PC
3.3.1 ST-LINK Firmware Upgrade
3.4 Flashing the Nucleo using STM32CubeProgrammer
4. STM32CubeMX Tool
4.1 Introduction to CubeMX Tool
4.1.1 Target Selection Wizard
4.1.1.1 MCU/MPU Selector
4.1.1.2 Board Selector
4.1.1.3 Example Selector
4.1.1.4 Cross Selector
4.1.2 MCU and Middleware Configuration
4.1.2.1 Pinout View & Configuration
4.1.2.2 Clock Configuration View
4.1.3 Project Manager
4.1.4 Tools View .
4.2 Understanding Project Structure
4.3 Downloading Book Source Code Examples
4.4 Management of STM32Cube Packages
5. Introduction to Debugging
5.1 What is Behind a Debug Session
5.2 Debugging With STM32CubeIDE
5.2.1 Debug Configurations
5.3 I/O Retargeting
II Diving into the HAL
6. GPIO Management
6.1 STM32 Peripherals Mapping and HAL Handlers
6.2 GPIOs Configuration
6.2.1 GPIO Mode
6.2.2 GPIO Alternate Function
6.3 Driving a GPIO
6.4 De-initialize a GPIO
7. Interrupts Management
7.1 NVIC Controller
7.1.1 Vector Table in STM32
7.2 Enabling Interrupts
7.2.1 External Lines and NVIC
7.2.2 Enabling Interrupts with CubeMX
7.3 Interrupt Lifecycle .
7.4 Interrupt Priority Levels
7.4.1 Cortex-M0/0+
7.4.2 Cortex-M3/4/7/33
7.4.3 Setting Interrupt Priority in CubeMX
7.5 Interrupt Re-Entrancy
7.6 Mask All Interrupts at Once or an a Priority Basis
8. Universal Asynchronous Serial Communications
8.1 Introduction to UARTs and USARTs
8.2 UART Initialization
8.2.1 UART Configuration Using CubeMX
8.3 UART Communication in Polling Mode
8.3.1 Installing a Terminal Emulator in Eclipse
8.4 UART Communication in Interrupt Mode
8.4.1 UART Related Interrupts
8.5 Error Management
8.6 List of Available Callbacks in the HAL_UART Module
9. DMA Management
9.1 Introduction to DMA
9.1.1 The Need of a DMA and the Role of the Internal Buses
9.1.2 The DMA Controller
9.1.2.1 The DMA Implementation in F0/F1/F3/L0/L1/L4 MCUs
9.1.2.2 The DMA Implementation in F2/F4/F7 MCUs
9.1.2.3 The DMA Implementation in G0/G4/L4+/L5/H7 MCUs
9.2 HAL_DMA Module
9.2.1 DMA_HandleTypeDef in F0/F1/F3/L0/L1/L4 HALs
9.2.2 DMA Configuration in G0/G4/L4+/L5/H7 HALs
9.2.3 DMA_HandleTypeDef in F2/F4/F7 HALs
9.2.4 How to Perform DMA Transfers in Polling Mode
9.2.5 How to Perform DMA Transfers in Interrupt Mode
9.2.6 Using the HAL_UART Module with DMA Mode Transfers
9.2.7 Programming the DMAMUX With the CubeHAL
9.2.8 Miscellaneous Functions From HAL_DMA and HAL_DMA_Ex Modules
9.3 Using CubeMX to Configure DMA Requests
9.4 Correct Memory Allocation of DMA Buffers
9.5 A Case Study: The DMA Memory-To-Memory Transfer Performance Analysis
10. Clock Tree
10.1 Clock Distribution
10.1.1 Overview of the STM32 Clock Tree
10.1.1.1 The Multispeed Internal RC Oscillator in STM32L/U Families
10.1.2 Configuring Clock Tree Using CubeMX
10.1.3 Clock Source Options in Nucleo Boards
10.1.3.1 Clock Source in Nucleo-64 rev. MB1136 (older ones with ST-LINK V2.1)
10.1.3.1.1 OSC Clock Supply
10.1.3.1.2 OSC 32kHz Clock Supply
10.1.3.2 Clock Source in Nucleo-64 rev. MB1367 (newer ones with ST-LINK v3)
10.1.3.2.1 OSC Clock Supply
10.1.3.2.2 OSC 32kHz Clock Supply
10.2 Overview of the HAL_RCC Module
10.2.1 Compute the Clock Frequency at Run-Time
10.2.2 Enabling the Master Clock Output
10.2.3 Enabling the Clock Security System
10.3 HSI Calibration
11. Timers
11.1 Introduction to Timers
11.1.1 Timer Categories in an STM32 MCU
11.1.2 Effective Availability of Timers in the STM32 Portfolio
11.2 Basic Timers
11.2.1 Using Timers in Interrupt Mode
11.2.1.1 Time Base Generation in Advanced Timers
11.2.2 Using Timers in Polling Mode
11.2.3 Using Timers in DMA Mode
11.2.4 Stopping a Timer
11.2.5 Using CubeMX to Configure a Basic Timer
11.3 General Purpose Timers
11.3.1 Time Base Generator with External Clock Sources
11.3.1.1 External Clock Mode 2
11.3.1.2 External Clock Mode 1
11.3.1.3 Using CubeMX to Configure the Source Clock of a General Purpose Timer
11.3.2 Master/Slave Synchronization Modes
11.3.2.1 Enable Trigger-Related Interrupts
11.3.2.2 Using CubeMX to Configure the Master/Slave Synchronization
11.3.3 Generate Timer-Related Events by Software
11.3.4 Counting Modes
11.3.5 Input Capture Mode
11.3.5.1 Using CubeMX to Configure the Input Capture Mode
11.3.6 Output Compare Mode
11.3.6.1 Using CubeMX to Configure the Output Compare Mode
11.3.7 Pulse-Width Generation
11.3.7.1 Generating a Sinusoidal Wave Using PWM
11.3.7.2 Using CubeMX to Configure the PWM Mode
11.3.8 One Pulse Mode
11.3.8.1 Using CubeMX to Configure the OPM Mode
11.3.9 Encoder Mode
11.3.9.1 Using CubeMX to Configure the Encoder Mode
11.3.10 Other Features Available in General Purpose and Advanced Timers
11.3.10.1 Hall Sensor Mode
11.3.10.2 Combined Three-Phase PWM Mode and Other Motor-Control Related Features
11.3.10.3 Break Input and Locking of Timer Registers
11.3.10.4 Preloading of Auto-Reload Register
11.3.11 Debugging and Timers
11.4 SysTick Timer
11.4.1 Use Another Timer as System Timebase Source
11.5 A Case Study: How to Precisely Measure Microseconds with STM32 MCUs
12. Analog-To-Digital Conversion
12.1 Introduction to SAR ADC
12.2 HAL_ADC Module
12.2.1 Conversion Modes
12.2.1.1 Single-Channel, Single Conversion Mode
12.2.1.2 Scan Single Conversion Mode
12.2.1.3 Single-Channel, Continuous Conversion Mode
12.2.1.4 Scan Continuous Conversion Mode
12.2.1.5 Injected Conversion Mode
12.2.1.6 Dual Modes
12.2.2 Channel Selection
12.2.3 ADC Resolution and Conversion Speed
12.2.4 A/D Conversions in Polling Mode
12.2.5 A/D Conversions in Interrupt Mode
12.2.6 A/D Conversions in DMA Mode
12.2.6.1 Convert Multiple Times the Same Channel in DMA Mode
12.2.6.2 Multiple and not Continuous Conversions in DMA Mode
12.2.6.3 Continuous Conversions in DMA Mode
12.2.7 Errors Management
12.2.8 Timer-Driven Conversions
12.2.9 Conversions Driven by External Events
12.2.10 ADC Calibration
12.3 Using CubeMX to Configure ADC Peripheral
13. Digital-To-Analog Conversion
13.1 Introduction to the DAC Peripheral
13.2 HAL_DAC Module
13.2.1 Driving the DAC Manually
13.2.2 Driving the DAC in DMA Mode Using a Timer
13.2.3 Triangular Wave Generation
13.2.4 Noise Wave Generation
14. I2C
14.1 Introduction to the I2C specification
14.1.1 The I2C Protocol
14.1.1.1 START and STOP Condition
14.1.1.2 Byte Format
14.1.1.3 Address Frame
14.1.1.4 Acknowledge (ACK) and Not Acknowledge (NACK)
14.1.1.5 Data Frames
14.1.1.6 Combined Transactions
14.1.1.7 Clock Stretching
14.1.2 Availability of I2C Peripherals in STM32 MCUs
14.2 HAL_I2C Module
14.2.1 Using the I2C Peripheral in Master Mode
14.2.1.1 I/O MEM Operations
14.2.1.2 Combined Transactions
14.2.1.3 A Note About the Clock Configuration in STM32F0/L0/L4 families
14.2.2 Using the I2C Peripheral in Slave Mode
14.3 Using CubeMX to Configure the I2C Peripheral
15. SPI
15.1 Introduction to the SPI Specification
15.1.1 Clock Polarity and Phase
15.1.2 Slave Select Signal Management
15.1.3 SPI TI Mode
15.1.4 Availability of SPI Peripherals in STM32 MCUs
15.2 HAL_SPI Module
15.2.1 Exchanging Messages Using SPI Peripheral
15.2.2 Maximum Transmission Frequency Reachable using the CubeHAL
15.3 Using CubeMX to Configure SPI Peripheral
16. Cyclic Redundancy Check
16.1 Introduction to CRC Computing
16.1.1 CRC Calculation in STM32F1/F2/F4/L1 MCUs
16.1.2 CRC Peripheral in STM32F0/F3/F7/L0/L4/L5/G0/G4 MCUs
16.2 HAL_CRC Module
17. IWDG and WWDG Timers
17.1 The Independent Watchdog Timer
17.1.1 Using the CubeHAL to Program IWDG Timer
17.2 The System Window Watchdog Timer
17.2.1 Using the CubeHAL to Program WWDG Timer
17.3 Detecting a System Reset Caused by a Watchdog Timer
17.4 Freezing Watchdog Timers During a Debug Session
17.5 Selecting the Right Watchdog Timer for Your Application
18. Real-Time Clock
18.1 Introduction to the RTC Peripheral
18.2 HAL_RTC Module
18.2.1 Setting and Retrieving the Current Date/Time
18.2.1.1 Correct Way to Read Date/Time Values
18.2.2 Configuring Alarms
18.2.3 Periodic Wakeup Unit
18.2.4 Timestamp Generation and Tamper Detection
18.2.5 RTC Calibration
18.2.5.1 RTC Coarse Calibration
18.2.5.2 RTC Smooth Calibration
18.2.5.3 Reference Clock Detection
18.3 Using the Backup SRAM
III Advanced topics
19. Power Management
19.1 Power Management in Cortex-M Based MCUs
19.2 How Cortex-M MCUs Handle Run and Sleep Modes
19.2.1 Entering/exiting sleep modes
19.2.1.1 Sleep-On-Exit
19.2.2 Sleep Modes in Cortex-M Based MCUs
19.3 Power Management in STM32F Microcontrollers
19.3.1 Power Sources
19.3.2 Power Modes
19.3.2.1 Run Mode
19.3.2.1.1 Dynamic Voltage Scaling in STM32F4/F7 MCUs
19.3.2.1.2 Over/Under-Drive Mode in STM32F4/F7 MCUs
19.3.2.2 Sleep Mode
19.3.2.3 Stop Mode
19.3.2.4 Standby Mode
19.3.2.5 Low-Power Modes Example
19.3.3 An Important Warning for STM32F1 Microcontrollers
19.4 Power Management in STM32L/G Microcontrollers
19.4.1 Power Sources
19.4.2 Power Modes
19.4.2.1 Run Modes
19.4.2.2 Sleep Modes
19.4.2.2.1 Batch Acquisition Mode
19.4.2.3 Stop Modes
19.4.2.4 Standby Modes
19.4.2.5 Shutdown Mode
19.4.3 Power Modes Transitions
19.4.4 Low-Power Peripherals
19.4.4.1 LPUART
19.4.4.2 LPTIM
19.4.4.3 LPGPIO
19.4.4.4 LPDMA
19.5 Power Supply Supervisors
19.6 Debugging in Low-Power Modes
19.7 Using the CubeMX Power Consumption Calculator
19.8 A Case Study: Using Watchdog Timers With Low-Power Modes
20. Memory layout
20.1 The STM32 Memory Layout Model
20.1.1 Flash Memory Typical Organization
20.1.2 SRAM Memory Typical Organization
20.1.3 Understanding Compilation and Linking Processes
20.2 The Really Minimal STM32 Application
20.2.1 ELF Binary File Inspection
20.2.2 .data and .bss Sections Initialization
20.2.2.1 A Word About the COMMON Section
20.2.3 .rodata Section
20.2.4 Stack and Heap Regions
20.2.5 Checking the Size of Heap and Stack at Compile-Time
20.2.6 Differences With the Tool-Chain Script Files
20.3 How to Use the CCM Memory
20.3.1 Relocating the vector table in CCM Memory
20.4 How to Use the MPU in Cortex-M0+/3/4/7 Based STM32 MCUs
20.4.1 Programming the MPU With the CubeHAL
21. Flash Memory Management
21.1 Introduction to STM32 Flash Memory
21.2 The HAL_FLASH Module
21.2.1 Flash Memory Unlocking
21.2.2 Flash Memory Erasing
21.2.3 Flash Memory Programming
21.2.4 Flash Read Access During Programming and Erasing
21.3 Option Bytes
21.3.1 Flash Memory Read Protection
21.4 Optional OTP and True-EEPROM Memories
21.5 Flash Read Latency and the ARTTM Accelerator
21.5.1 The Role of the TCM Memories in STM32F7/H7 MCUs
21.5.1.1 How to Access Flash Memory Through the TCM Interface
21.5.1.2 Using CubeMX to Configure Flash Memory Interface
22. Booting Process
22.1 The Cortex-M Unified Memory Layout and the Booting Process
22.1.1 Software Physical Remap
22.1.2 Vector Table Relocation
22.1.3 Running the Firmware From SRAM Using the STM32CubeIDE
22.2 Integrated STM32 Bootloader
22.2.1 Starting the STM32 Bootloader from the On-Board Firmware
22.2.2 The Booting Sequence in the STM32CubeIDE Tool-chain
22.3 Developing a Custom Bootloader
22.3.1 Vector Table Relocation in STM32F0 Microcontrollers
22.3.2 How to Use the flasher.py Tool
23. Running FreeRTOS
23.1 Understanding the Concepts Underlying an RTOS
23.2 Configuring FreeRTOS and the CMSIS-RTOS v2 Wrapper
23.2.1 The FreeRTOS Source Tree
23.2.1.1 How to Configure FreeRTOS Using CubeMX
23.3 Thread Management
23.3.1 Thread States
23.3.2 Thread Priorities and Scheduling Policies
23.3.3 Voluntary Release of the Control
23.3.4 The idle Thread
23.4 Memory Allocation and Management
23.4.1 Dynamic Memory Allocation Model
23.4.1.1 heap_1.c
23.4.1.2 heap_2.c
23.4.1.3 heap_3.c
23.4.1.4 heap_4.c
23.4.1.5 heap_5.c
23.4.1.6 FreeRTOS Heap Definition
23.4.2 Static Memory Allocation Model
23.4.2.1 idle Thread Allocation with Static Memory Allocation Model
23.4.3 FreeRTOS and the C stdlib
23.4.3.1 How to Configure newlib to Handle Concurrency with FreeRTOS
23.4.3.2 How to Use malloc() and malloc() -dependant newlib Functions With FreeRTOS
23.4.3.3 STM32CubeMX Approach to Thread-Safety
23.4.4 Memory Pools
23.4.5 Stack Overflow Detection
23.5 Synchronization Primitives
23.5.1 Message Queues
23.5.2 Semaphores
23.5.3 Event and Thread Flags
23.6 Resources Management and Mutual Exclusion
23.6.1 Mutexes
23.6.1.1 The Priority Inversion Problem
23.6.1.2 Recursive Mutexes
23.6.2 Critical Sections
23.6.3 Interrupt Management With an RTOS
23.6.3.1 FreeRTOS API and Interrupt Priorities
23.7 Software Timers
23.7.1 How FreeRTOS Manages Timers
23.8 A Case Study: Low-Power Management With an RTOS
23.8.1 The idle Thread Hook
23.8.2 The Tickless Mode in FreeRTOS
23.8.2.1 A Schema for the tickless Mode
23.8.2.2 A Custom tickless Mode Policy
23.9 Debugging Features
23.9.1 configASSERT() Macro
23.9.2 Run-Time Statistics and Thread State Information
23.9.3 FreeRTOS Debugging in STM32CubeIDE
23.9.4 FreeRTOS Kernel-Aware Debugging in STM32CubeIDE
23.10 Alternatives to FreeRTOS
23.10.1 AzureRTOS
23.10.2 ChibiOS
23.10.3 Contiki OS
23.10.4 OpenRTOS
24. Advanced Debugging Techniques
24.1 Understanding Cortex-M Fault-Related Exceptions
24.1.1 The Cortex-M Exception Entrance Sequence and the ARM Calling Convention
24.1.1.1 How to Interpret the Content of the LR Register on Exception Entrance
24.1.2 Fault Exceptions and Faults Analysis
24.1.2.1 Memory Management Exception
24.1.2.2 Bus Fault Exception
24.1.2.3 Usage Fault Exception
24.1.2.4 Hard Fault Exception
24.1.2.5 Secure Fault Exception
24.1.2.6 Enabling Optional Fault Handlers
24.1.2.7 Fault Analysis in Cortex-M0/0+ Based Processors
24.2 STM32CubeIDE Advanced Debugging Features
24.2.1 Expressions and Live Expressions
24.2.1.1 Memory Monitors
24.2.2 Watchpoints
24.2.3 Instruction Stepping Mode
24.2.4 SFRs View
24.2.5 Fault Analyzer
24.2.5.1 Tracing Fault-Related Registers Without the IDE Support
24.2.6 Build Analyzer
24.2.7 Static Stack Analyzer
24.3 Serial Wire Viewer Tracing
24.3.1 Enabling SWV Debugging
24.3.2 Configuring SWV
24.3.3 SWV Views
24.3.3.1 SWV Trace Log
24.3.3.2 SWV Exception Trace Log
24.3.3.3 SWV Data Trace
24.3.3.4 SWV Data Trace Timeline Graph
24.3.3.5 SWV ITM Data Console
24.3.3.6 SWV Statistical Profiling
24.4 Debugging Aids from the CubeHAL
24.5 External Debuggers
24.6 Debugging two Nucleo Boards Simultaneously
24.7 ARM Semihosting
24.7.1 Enable Semihosting on a Project
24.7.2 Semihosting Drawbacks
24.7.3 Understanding How Semihosting Works
25. FAT Filesystem
25.1 Introduction to FatFs Library
25.1.1 Adding FatFs Library in Your Projects
25.1.1.1 The Generic Disk Interface API
25.1.1.2 The Implementation of a Driver to Access SD Cards in SPI Mode
25.1.2 Relevant FatFs Structures and Functions
25.1.2.1 Mounting a Filesystem
25.1.2.2 Opening a File
25.1.2.3 Reading From/Writing into a File
25.1.2.4 Creating and Opening a Directory
25.1.3 How to Configure the FatFs Library
26. Develop IoT Applications
26.1 Solutions Offered by STM to Develop IoT Applications
26.2 The W5500 Ethernet Controller
26.2.1 How to Use the W5500 Shield and the ioLibrary_Driver Module
26.2.1.1 Configuring the SPI Interface
26.2.1.2 Configuring the Socket Buffers and the Network Interface
26.2.2 Socket APIs
26.2.2.1 Handling Sockets in TCP Mode
26.2.2.2 Handling Sockets in UDP Mode
26.2.3 I/O Retargeting to a TCP/IP Socket
26.2.4 Building up an HTTP Server
26.2.4.1 A Web-Based Oscilloscope
27. Universal Serial Bus
27.1 USB 2.0 Specification Overview
27.1.1 The “Before-To-Die” Guide to USB
27.1.2 USB Physical Architecture Overview
27.1.3 USB Logical Architecture Overview
27.1.3.1 Device States
27.1.3.2 Communication Endpoints
27.1.4 USB 2.0 Communication Protocol Overview
27.1.4.1 Packet Types
27.1.4.2 Transaction Types
27.1.4.2.1 Control Transactions
27.1.4.2.2 IN/OUT Transactions
27.1.4.3 Device and Interface Descriptors
27.1.4.3.1 Device Descriptors
27.1.4.3.2 Configuration Descriptors
27.1.4.3.3 Interface Descriptors
27.1.4.3.4 Endpoint Descriptors
27.1.4.3.5 String Descriptors
27.1.4.4 USB Classes
27.2 STM32 USB Device Library
27.2.1 Understanding Generated Code
27.2.2 USB Initialization Sequence
27.2.3 USB Enumeration Sequence
27.2.4 The USB CDC Class
27.2.4.1 USB CDC Descriptors
27.2.4.2 USB CDC Class Initialization
27.2.4.3 USB CDC Class Operations
27.3 Building Custom USB Devices
27.3.1 The USB HID Class
27.3.1.1 USB HID Descriptors
27.3.1.2 Overview of the Report Descriptor
27.3.1.3 USB HID Class-Specific Requests
27.3.2 Building a Vendor-Specific USB HID Device
27.4 Debugging USB Devices
27.4.1 Software Sniffers and Analyzers
27.4.2 USB Hardware Analyzers
27.5 Optimizing the STM32 USB Device Library
27.6 Going to the Market
28. Getting Started with a New Design
28.1 Hardware Design
28.1.1 PCB Layer Stack-Up
28.1.2 MCU Package
28.1.3 Decoupling of Power-Supply Pins
28.1.4 Clocks
28.1.5 Filtering of RESET Pin
28.1.6 Debug Port
28.1.7 Boot Mode
28.1.8 Pay attention to “pin-to-pin” Compatibility
28.1.9 ...And to Selecting the Right Peripherals
28.1.10 The Role of CubeMX During the Board Design Stage
28.1.11 Board Layout Strategies
28.2 Software Design
28.2.1 Generating the binary image for production
Appendix
A. Miscellaneous HAL functions and STM32 features
Force MCU reset from the firmware
STM32 96-bit Unique CPU ID
B. Troubleshooting Guide
STM32CubeIDE Issues
Debugging Continuously Breaks at Every Instruction During a Debug Session
The Step-by-Step Debugging is Really Slow
The Firmware Works Only Under a Debug Session
STM32 Related Issues
The Microcontroller Does Not Boot Correctly
It is Not Possible to Flash or to Debug the MCU
C. Nucleo pin-out
Nucleo-G474RE
Arduino compatible headers
Morpho headers
Nucleo-F446RE
Arduino compatible headers
Morpho headers
Nucleo-F401RE
Arduino compatible headers
Morpho headers
Nucleo-F303RE
Arduino compatible headers
Morpho headers
Nucleo-F103RB
Arduino compatible headers
Morpho headers
Nucleo-F072RB
Arduino compatible headers
Morpho headers
Nucleo-L476RG
Arduino compatible headers
Morpho headers
Nucleo-L152RE
Arduino compatible headers
Morpho headers
Nucleo-L073R8
Arduino compatible headers
Morpho headers
D. Differences with the 1st edition
Chapter 1
Chapter 2
Chapter 3 and 4
Chapter 5
Chapter 6
Chapter 7
Chapter 8
Chapter 9
Chapter 10
Chapter 11
Chapter 12-22
Chapter 23
Chapter 24
Chapter 25-26
Chapter 27
Chapter 28