Обращение палестинских правозащитных организаций в Международный уголовный суд с просьбой о расследовании и судебном преследовании в связи с незаконной блокадой сектора Газа и других преступлений против человечности
Palestinian Human Rights Organizations & Victims’ Communication to the International Criminal Court Pursuant to Article 15 of the Rome Statute Requesting Investigation and Prosecution of The Illegal Closure of the Gaza Strip: Persecution and Other Inhumane Acts Perpetrated against the Civilian Population as Crimes against Humanity
Год издания: 2016
Автор: Al-Haq, Al-Mezan Center for Human Rights, Palestinian Centre for Human Rights, Aldameer Association for Human Rights
Жанр или тематика: обращение в суд
Издательство: Al-Haq
ISBN: нет
Серия: нет
Язык: английский
Формат: PDF
Качество: издательский макет или текст (eBook)
Интерактивное оглавление: нет
Количество страниц: 145
Описание: Обращение палестинских правозащитных организаций в Международный уголовный суд с просьбой о расследовании и судебном преследовании в связи с незаконной блокадой сектора Газа и других преступлений против человечности.
This submission to the Office of the Prosecutor (“OTP”) of the International Criminal Court (“Court” or “ICC”) details the ongoing crimes against humanity committed by high-level Israeli military and civilian officials in the course of Israel’s imposition of a strict, continuous closure on the Gaza Strip from June 2007 to the present, with specific regard to those crimes falling within the Court’s temporal jurisdiction in relation to the State of Palestine, demonstrating that a sufficient basis exists for the Prosecutor to open an investigation into these crimes under Article 15 of the Statute of the ICC.
Оглавление
Table of Contents
I. Introduction ................................................................................................................... 5
II. Submission’s content ................................................................................................... 11
III. Contextual Background .............................................................................................. 15
A. Terminology .................................................................................................................. 17
B. Evolution of the Closure Policy: Israel’s Protracted Belligerent Occupation of
Palestinian Territory and Gaza Restrictions Prior to June 2007 ........................................... 18
C. Israel’s 2005 “Disengagement” from Gaza and its Retention of Effective Control over
the Gaza Strip ....................................................................................................................... 25
IV. The Current Closure of the Gaza Strip (post-2007) ................................................. 29
A. Restrictions by Air ........................................................................................................ 35
B. Restrictions by Sea ........................................................................................................ 36
C. Restrictions by Land ...................................................................................................... 38
1. Movement of Persons via Land Crossings ................................................................ 38
2. Entry of Goods via Land Crossings ........................................................................... 55
3. Exit of Goods via Land Crossings ............................................................................. 62
D. The imposition of a “Buffer Zone” ............................................................................... 63
V. Impact: Illustrative Factual Overview ...................................................................... 66
A. On Infrastructure ........................................................................................................... 66
1. Energy and Electrical Infrastructure .......................................................................... 66
2. Water, Sanitation and Hygiene Infrastructure ........................................................... 70
3. Health Infrastructure .................................................................................................. 72
4. Housing and Other Civilian Structures ...................................................................... 75
5. Telecommunications and Information Technology (Telecom/IT) Infrastructure ..... 78
6. Other Public Infrastructure ........................................................................................ 80
B. On the Economy ............................................................................................................ 81
1. Farming ...................................................................................................................... 81
2. Fishing ....................................................................................................................... 84
3. Industry/Manufacturing Sector .................................................................................. 87
4. Increased Unemployment and Cost of Living: Poverty ............................................ 89
C. On Individuals, Families, Communities ........................................................................ 92
1. Health: Physical and Psychological ........................................................................... 92
2. Education ................................................................................................................... 98
3. Family and Community Life ................................................................................... 101
4. Food Insecurity and Aid Dependency ..................................................................... 103
5. Physical Attacks against Individuals in the “Buffer zone” at Land and Sea ........... 105
VI. Legal Analysis of Crimes against Humanity Committed by Israeli Officials in the
Implementation of the Gaza Closure .................................................................................. 107
A. Contextual Elements of Crimes Against Humanity .................................................... 109
1. Existence of an attack directed against any civilian population .............................. 109
2. Target of the attack as a civilian population ............................................................ 110
3. Nexus to State Policy ............................................................................................... 115
4. Establishing the Widespread and/or Systematic scope of the attack ....................... 116
B. The Crime against Humanity of Persecution .............................................................. 118
1. Legal Requirements of the Crime against Humanity of Persecution under Article
7(1)(h) of the Statute ....................................................................................................... 119
2. The Mens Rea Elements of Persecution .................................................................. 131
C. The Crime against Humanity of Other Inhumane Acts ............................................... 132
VII. Criminal Responsibility of Israeli Civilian and Military Senior Officials ........... 135
VIII. Jurisdiction ................................................................................................................ 136
IX. Admissibility .............................................................................................................. 137
A. Gravity (Article 17(1)(d) of the ICC Statute) .............................................................. 138
B. Complementarity (Article 17(2) and (3) of the ICC Statute) ...................................... 140
1. The Existence – or Absence – of Action at the Domestic Level ............................. 141
C. Interests of Justice ....................................................................................................... 143
X. Conclusion .................................................................................................................. 144
